![]() ![]() Wen ZC, Chen SA, Tai CT, et al.: Temperature monitoring in radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial flutter using the linear ablation technique. Efficacy of an anatomically guided approach. Kirkorian G, Moncada E, Chevalier P, et al.: Radiofrequency ablation of atrial flutter. Circulation 1992, 86:1233–1240.įischer B, Haissaguerre M, Garrigues S, et al.: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of common atrial flutter in 80 patients. Identification of a critical zone in the reentrant circuit by endocardial mapping techniques see comments]. Am J Cardiol 1996, 77:66A-71A.įeld GK, Fleck RP, Chen PS, et al.: Radiofrequency catheter ablation for the treatment of human type 1 atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol 1996, 77:53A-59A.Īliot E, Denjoy I: Comparison of the safety and efficacy of flecainide versus propafenone in hospital out-patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial/flutter. The Flecainide Multicenter Atrial Fibrillation Study Group. Naccarelli GV, Dorian P, Hohnloser SH, Coumel P: Prospective comparison of flecainide versus quinidine for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/flutter. Am J Cardiol 2000, 85:132–133.Ĭhun SH, Sager PT, Stevenson WG, et al.: Long-term efficacy of amiodarone for the maintenance of normal sinus rhythm in patients with refractory atrial fibrillation or flutter. Am J Cardiol 1999, 84:270–277.īenditt DG, Williams JH: Oral d,l-sotalol in atrial fibrillation and/or flutter. d,l-Sotalol Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter Study Group. PACE 1999, 22:600–604.īenditt DG, Williams JH, Jin J, et al.: Maintenance of sinus rhythm with oral d,l-sotalol therapy in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation and/or atrial flutter. A study showing a larger TA-IVC isthmus and right atrium in patients with atrial flutter compared with a control population.Īlboni P, Scarfo S, Fuca G, et al.: Atrial and ventricular pressures in atrial flutter. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000, 11:90–94.Ĭabrera JA, Sanchez-Quintana D, Ho SY, et al.: Angiographic anatomy of the inferior right atrial isthmus in patients with and without history of common atrial flutter. ![]() Waki K, Saito T, Becker AE: Right atrial flutter isthmus revisited: Normal anatomy favors nonuniform anisotropic conduction. Josephson ME: Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Tehniques and Interpretations, edn 2. Circulation 1997, 96:3484–3491.Ĭosio FG, Lopez-Gil M, Goicolea A, et al.: Radiofrequency ablation of the inferior vena cava-tricuspid valve isthmus in common atrial flutter. Roithinger FX, Karch MR, Steiner PR, et al.: Relationship between atrial fibrillation and typical atrial flutter in humans: activation sequence changes during spontaneous conversion. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999, 34:363–373.Īrenal A, Almendral J, Alday JM, et al.: Rate-dependent conduction block of the crista terminalis in patients with typical atrial flutter: influence on evaluation of cavotricuspid isthmus conduction block. Schumacher B, Jung W, Schmidt H, et al.: Transverse conduction capabilities of the crista terminalis in patients with atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Olgin JE, Kalman JM, Lesh MD: Conduction barriers in human atrial flutter: correlation of electrophysiology and anatomy. Gomes JA, Santoni-Rugiu F, Mehta D, et al.: Uncommon atrial flutter: characteristics, mechanisms, and results of ablative therapy. Kall JG, Rubenstein D, Kopp D, et al.: Atypical atrial flutter originating in the right atrial free wall. Jolly WA, Ritchie WJ: Auricular flutter and fibrillation. With a probability of success of 90%, a recurrence rate of 5% to 15%, and few complications, catheter ablation emerges as the best treatment of recurrent, symptomatic flutter. Quality of life assessments show improvement after ablation of atrial flutter. In patients with both atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, ablation of the atrial flutter circuit may make the atrial fibrillation more easy to control. A contiguous line of bidirectional electrical block is created in the isthmus area between the tricuspid annulus and the inferior vena cava by application of radiofrequency energy. Catheter ablation has been highly successful in treating atrial flutter. Atrial flutter has been treated with class I and III antiarrhytmic drugs to maintain sinus rhythm, with moderate success. The isthmus area between the tricuspid annulus, the inferior vena cava, and the ostium of the coronary sinus is a critical zone of the reentry circle. Typical atrial flutter is a macroreentrant arrhythmia of the right atrium. ![]()
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